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Sleep disordered breathing and pregnancy However, there ralph lauren donna hoodies is some compensation for these changes as a result of a Right shift of the oxyhaemoglobin desaturation curve in normal pregnancy, such that delivery of oxygen to the placenta and Maternal tissue is enhanced.6 Hormonal changes associated with altered respiratory function during pregnancy Circulating oestrogen and progesterone levels increase markedly during pregnancy, both primarily being responsible for maintaining The pregnancy.However, there are many other physiological changes produced by these hormones which are unrelated to maintenance Of the pregnancy.Progesterone markedly upregulates ventilatory drive at the level of the central chemoreceptors(Located On the ventrolateral surface of the medulla).7, 8 As a result, there is a reduced arterial carbon dioxide pressure(Paco2)And an associated respiratory alkalosis with a mean arterial ph of 7.44(Compared with 7.40 in the non pregnant state). This resting respiratory alkalosis can lead to instability in the respiratory control pathways which may become unbalanced During sleep.While it is well known that hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis can lead to central apnoeas during non rapid Eye ralph lauren uomo city polo movement(Nrem)Sleep in non pregnant subjects, particularly during the transitional period from wakefulness to sleep, 9 this has not been investigated In keeping with the upregulation of central respiratory drive, there is increased diaphragmatic effort leading to greater Negative inspiratory pressures at the level of ralph lauren online the upper airway.This may be related to an increased tendency for the upper Airway to collapse during sleep. Upper airway changes in pregnancy Patency of the upper airway is well known to be an important predictor of the presence ralph lauren donna and severity of sleep disordered breathing, With reduced dimensions of the pharynx being strongly associated with obstructive sleep apnoea.10 Reduced pharyngeal dimensions during pregnancy have been demonstrated using the Mallampati score.11 Nasal patency is also reduced during pregnancy, with 42% of women at 36 weeks gestation reporting nasal congestion and rhinitis.12 These symptoms may be related to a combination of the increasing progesterone and oestrogen levels as pregnancy progresses.

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